Sam Harris berørte emnet i en blogpost og nævnte et eksempel med Scott Atran, hvor han tilsyneladende benægtede, at terrorisme havde noget med ønsket om paradis at gøre.
Scott Atran har postet en kommentar i min første post, og henviser til sit gensvar her:
Sam Harris posted a recent blog about my views on Jihadis that is unbecoming of serious intellectual debate, if not ugly. He claims that I told him following a “preening and delusional lecture” that “no one [connected with suicide bombing] believes in paradise.” What I actually said to him (as I have to many others) was exactly what every leader of a jihadi group I interviewed told me, namely, that anyone seeking to become a martyr in order to obtain virgins in paradise would be rejected outright. I also said (and have written several articles and a book laying out the evidence) that although ideology is important, the best predictor (in the sense of a regression analysis) of willingness to commit an act of jihadi violence is if one belongs to an action-oriented social network, such as a neighborhood help group or even a sports team (see Atran, TALKING TO THE ENEMY, Penguin, 2010).
Harris’s views on religion ignore the considerable progress in cognitive studies on the subject over the last two decades, which show that core religious beliefs do not have fixed propositional content (Atran & Norenzayan, “Religion’s Evolutionary Landscape,” BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES, 2004). Indeed, religious beliefs, in being absurd (whether or not they are recognized as such), cannot even be processed as comprehensible because their semantic content is contradictory (for example, a bodiless but physically powerful and sentient being, a deity that is one in three, etc). It is precisely the ineffable nature of core religious beliefs that accounts, in part, for their social and political adaptability over time in helping to bond and sustain groupsNu er vi ovre i Islam har ingen essens-genren. Jeg tror på Atran med hensyn til og så langt, at terrorledere gerne ser andre egenskaber hos kommende terrorister end blot ønsket om at blæse sig selv til atomer og blive bevilget 72 jomfruer fx. netværk og en kemiuddannelse eller lign. Men hvis martyrdom og 72 jomfruer spiller en mindre rolle, hvorfor bruger Al-qaeda, Hamas, Hezbollah så martyrvideoer som propaganda? De rekrutterer nu en gang personer ud fra alene villigheden til at blive martyr, de rekrutterer også personer til andre roller end selvmordsangreb, men også med alene det direkte formål, at begå et terrorangreb, hvor de skal dø og vise, at de elsker døden mere end livet og jage skræk i fjenden. Såvel som Khomenei oprettede martyrbrigader af unge teenagere og mindre, som med en plastiknøgle om halsen til paradis blev sendt frem for at dø. Vi taler ikke om noget engangsfænomen, eller noget vi kun ser hos Hamas. Islam har nu engang en essens, der hedder jihad og en essens, der hedder martyrdom.
At underspille en rolle er langt hen af vejen det samme som at benægte den.
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